By enpmsm
PREVIEW
Magnet and Electric Motors
When two bar magnets are labeled with “north” and “south” ends, they interact in distinct ways. The north end of one magnet attracts the south end of the other, whereas two north poles or two south poles repel each other. These attracting and repelling forces create rotational motion inside an electric motor.
How a DC Motor Works
The stator, located on the outside of a DC motor, consists of a stationary permanent magnet. In contrast, the rotor, located on the inside, is the moving part. The rotor can be compared to a nail, while the stator is similar to a horseshoe magnet. When DC power flows through the rotor, it generates a temporary electromagnetic field that interacts with the permanent magnetic field of the stator. To sustain the rotor’s rotation, the commutator ensures that the field’s polarity flips. As a result, torque is produced, enabling the generation of mechanical power.
A simple DC motor uses a set of stationary magnets in the stator and a coil of wire with current running through it to generate an electromagnetic field aligned with the center of the coil. One or more windings of insulated wire are wrapped around the core of the motor to concentrate the magnetic field.
By activating and deactivating the coils in a programmed sequence, a rotating magnetic field is established. This field interacts with the stationary magnets in the stator, leading to torque generation and subsequent rotation. Through these fundamental principles, DC motors convert electrical energy from direct current into mechanical energy, enabling the propulsion of objects.
How an AC Motor Works
AC motors utilize alternating current (AC) instead of direct current (DC) to operate. Although they share many components with DC motors, AC motors still rely on the principles of electromagnetism and rotating magnetic fields to generate mechanical power. In an AC motor, the winding of the stator performs a role similar to that of the rotor in a DC motor. In this case, it is a ring of electromagnets that are paired up and energized in sequence, generating a rotating magnetic field.
The fundamental operation of an AC motor is based on the principle of magnetism. A basic AC motor comprises a coil of wire and two stationary magnets that surround a central shaft. When an electric charge in the form of alternating current is applied to the coil of wire, it transforms into an electromagnet. This electromagnet, in turn, produces a magnetic field.
A solid metal axle, a loop of wire, a coil, a squirrel cage consisting of metal bars, and other freely revolving metal components that may transmit electricity can all be found inside the stator of an AC motor. Power is delivered to the outside coils that make up the stator of an AC motor. A rotating magnetic field is created by the coils as they are energized in pairs and sequentially.
The current circulates in a loop around the conductor if it is a ring or wire. Eddy currents circulate around the conductor in the case where it is merely a solid piece of metal. The induced current produces its own magnetic field, and according to another law of electromagnetism, the rotating magnetic field rotates as well. When the magnets interact, the shaft and the coil of wires begin to rotate, operating the motor.
